From Team Play to Squad Play: The Militarisation of Interactions in Multiplayer FPS Video Games

  • Adam Duell Keele University

Abstract

Since the onset of E-sports we have seen the development from casual players to professional players who push the boundary of game mastery to new heights via coordinated team play. In this short paper I explore how a group of video game players adopt military-style communication methods and strategies to coordinate their actions in the popular tactical First Person Shooter (FPS) video game DayZ (Bohemia Interactive, 2014).  Utilising the key components of team interaction in the context of distributed and ad-hoc military teams (Pascual et al., 1997), I show how a group of players evolved their interactions from team play to squad play. I argue that squad play is an advancement of the strategic and tactical thinking embodied in team play through the adoption of real-world military interaction and communication strategies.

Author Biography

Adam Duell, Keele University
I am a doctoral researcher in the School of Politics, International Relations and Philosophy (SPIRE) at Keele University. My thesis is centred on Local Enterprise Partnerships and local governance architectures in England. I am also interested in videogame research, in particular player (and audience) interactions.

References

Adami, E. (2009) ‘We/YouTube’: exploring sign-making in video-interaction. Visual Communication, Vol. 8(4), 379–399, doi:10.1177/1470357209343357

Army Frontline (2013, June 12) Real Combat US Marines in Afghanistan [Video File]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/pT2DGLbODkI

Bryman, A. (2008) Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Eisenhardt, K. (1989) Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 4, 532-550

GibsAndPieces (2012, August 12). DayZ - Bus Squad vs Atv Squad [Video File]. Available from http://youtu.be/mYdTPl-UWug

Gibbs, M., Hew, K., Wadley, G. (2004) Social Translucence of the Xbox Live Voice Channel. Proceedings of ICEC 2004, 3rd International Conference on Entertainment Computing, Springer, 377-385.

Halloran, J., Fitzpatrick, G., Rogers, Y. (2003) From Text to Talk: Multiplayer Games and Voice over IP. In Proceedings DiGRA 2003, 130-142.

Halloran, J. (2011) Game Changer? How VOIP Is Impacting the Way We Play. International Journal of Interactive Worlds 1(1). Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.5171/2011.144197

Lauria, E. (Forthcoming) Youtube: fragments of an atlas of the video-tropic. Area.

Manninen T. (2001) Virtual Team Interactions in Networked Multimedia Games - Case: “Counter-Strike” – Multi-player 3D Action Game. Proceedings of PRESENCE2001 Conference, May 21-23, Philadelphia, USA, Temple University. Retrieved from http://ibnelson.com/1SSU_Pages081203/CS285/6ec48ekx.pdf

Mcintyre, R. M. and Salas, E. (1995) Measuring and managing for team performance: emerging principles from complex environments, in R. Guzzo and E. Salas (eds),Team Electiveness and Decision Making in Organizations, 149-203. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Nofi, A.A. (2000) Defining and Measuring Shared Situational Awareness. Centre for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia.

Pascual, R.G., Blendell, C., Mills, M.C. (1997) Supporting Distributed and Ad-hoc Team Interaction. The Human-Electronic Crew: The Right Stuff? Proceedings of the 4th Joint GAF/RAF/USAF Workshop on Human-Computer Teamwork, Germany 23-26 September 1997. 169-174

Garrod, S. & Pickering, M.J. (2004) Why is conversation so easy? Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 8. 8-11

Plunket, L. (2012) The Secret Behind the Success of DayZ, the Most Interesting PC "Game" of 2012. Retrieved from http://kotaku.com/5912878/the-secret-behind-dayzs-success-the-most-interesting-pc-game-of-2012

Rambusch, J., Jakobsson, P., Pargman, D. (2007) Exploring e-sports: a case study of gameplay in counter-strike. Proceedings of DiGRA 2007, 157-164.

Rocketkiwi (2012) DayZ: The Intergration Begins. Retrieved from http://dayzdev.tumblr.com/post/31347010829/the-integration-begins

Sacriel42 (2012, October 1) DayZ Private Hive - Squad vs. Squad Airfield Part 1 [Video File]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/gE_EeLcJw68?list=UUROp--Hg_j2ocY-XYh8L68w

Sacriel42 (2012, October 6) DayZ Private Hive - Squad vs. Squad Airfield Part 2 [Video File]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/m2CamxOBRcc

Sacriel42 (2014, August 19) Airfield Chaos Part 1 - DayZ SA First Person Adventures [Video File]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/OGqsYu-3EdM?list=UUROp--Hg_j2ocY-XYh8L68w

Sacriel42 (2014, August 20) Airfield Chaos Part 2 - DayZ SA First Person Adventures [Video File]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/3YCbsRyHIz0?list=UUROp--Hg_j2ocY-XYh8L68w

Tang, A., Massey, J., Wong, N., Reilly, D., Edwards, W.K. (2012) Verbal Coordination in First Person Shooter Games. Published in: CSCW '12 Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer supported Cooperative Work, Pages 579-582, doi:10.1145/2145204.2145292

Taylor, T.L. (2012) Raising the Stakes: E-Sports and the Professionalization of Computer Gaming. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press

US Army (2004) Field Manual 1-02 (FM 101-5-1), Operational Terms and Graphics. Department of the Army. Retrieved from http://armypubs.army.mil/

US Army (2007) Field Manual 3-21.8 (FM 7-8), The Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad. Retrieved from http://www.train.army.mil/
Published
November 21, 2014
Section
Articles